Temperature IS Motion
Temperature isn't some mysterious abstract quantity. It's simply a measure of how fast the particles are moving.
T = ⅔ × (Eavg / kB)
Each particle has kinetic energy (½mv²). Temperature is the average energy of all particles, adjusted by two constants:
- kB (Boltzmann constant) scales energy into Kelvin units.
- ⅔ comes from the fact that particles can move in three directions (up/down, left/right, back/forward).
This is the kinetic theory of gases: temperature is motion, and motion is temperature. Watch the particles on the right; their average speed is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.